Chlorofluorocarbon cfc, any of several organic compounds composed of carbon, fluorine, and chlorine. They could also be found in refrigerants in air conditioners and refrigerators. They are used in aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as solvents, and as refrigerants. In 1978, sweden became the first country that banned cfc products. Pdf the environmental impact of chlorofluorocarbon use in. Chlorofluorocarbons epa glossary of climate change terms organic compounds made up of atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. Chlorofluorocarbons, commonly referred to as cfcs, are noncombustible liquids that were, at one time, frequently used as refrigerants and aerosol propellants, as well as for cleaning products. Replacement of hydro chlorofluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons by hydro. For example, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons cfcs can be particularly useful in one environment, but can have damaging effects in another. Compounds of chlorine and fluorine once much used as aerosol propellants. Chlorofluorocarbon definition of chlorofluorocarbon by.
An example is cfc12 ccl 2 f 2, used as a refrigerant in refrigerators and air conditioners and as a foam blowing agent. Chlorofluorocarbon rate noun cfcs chlorofluorocarbons are found in aerosol cans and fridges. Pdf chlorofluorocarbons cfcs and their effect on the. Chlorofluorocarbon definition and meaning collins english. Apr 26, 2017 how do chlorofluorocarbons affect the environment. Setting up a corporation in a foreign country may have tax advantages. It turns out that certain types of molecules can cause a chemical reaction when they come in contact with ozone molecules. Since scientists linked cfcs to the depletion of the ozone layer, they have been largely phased out, but old refrigerators and other devices that use. Health information summary chlorofluorocarbons cfcs are a group of colorless, non combustible liquids, also known as freons. Because of a growing concern over stratospheric ozone depletion and its attendant dangers, a ban was imposed on the use of cfcs in aerosolspray dispensers in the late 1970s by the united states, canada, and the scandinavian countries.
The environmental impact of chlorofluorocarbon use in metered dose inhalers article pdf available in chest 1004. Chlorofluorocarbons cfc are gases used for various purposes including solvents,refrigerants and aerosol sprays. Sherwood rowland and mario molina and dutch chemist paul crutzen, indicated that cfcs, once released into the atmosphere, accumulate in the stratosphere, where they contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer. When cfcs also contain hydrogen in place of one or more chlorines, they are called hydrochlorofluorocarbons, or hcfcs. Chlorofluorocarbon cfcs chlorofluorocarbons are found in aerosol cans and fridges. Chlorofluorocarbons and ozone depletion answer guide. Dec 20, 20 to delineate the groundwater flow system in a basin, the groundwater age was estimated by analyzing chlorofluorocarbons cfc11, cfc12 and cfc1 in a typical headwater wetland in ichikawa, japan. Their commercial and industrial value notwithstanding, cfcs were eventually discovered to pose a serious environmental threat.
They were much used in the middle 20th century, replacing chemicals that were toxic or flammable or had other problems. Before cfcs products were banned, they were used in aerosols, refrigerators, air conditioners, foam food packaging, and fire extinguishers. Chlorofluorocarbons list of high impact articles ppts. Cfcs have become discredited because of their effect on. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Chlorofluorocarbons cfcs and hydrochlorofluorocarbons hcfcs are fully or partly. Chlorofluorocarbons cfcs were commonly used as aerosol spray can propellants. Cfc11 in order to protect the environment against their ozone depletion potential. The australian cfc management strategy acms has been developed to report on australias efforts to date in managing cfcs and to provide an ongoing framework for the responsible management and use of cfcs in australia. Application of chlorofluorocarbons cfcs to estimate the. Unfortunately, the inertness of these compounds allows them to persist in the environment for long. Chlorofluorocarbons and the ozone layer semantic scholar.
Esrl global monitoring laboratory halocarbons and other. Chlorofluorocarbons cfcs are nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. Chlorofluorocarbon definition is any of several simple gaseous compounds that contain carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and sometimes hydrogen, that are used as refrigerants, cleaning solvents, and aerosol propellants and in the manufacture of plastic foams, and that are believed to be a major cause of stratospheric ozone depletion abbreviation cfc. Feasibility of groundwater dating by cfcs was assessed comprehensively based on the concentrations of no3. Chlorofluorocarbons cfcs are a group of odorless manufactured chemicals. Organic compounds made up of atoms of carbon, chlorine cl 2, and fluorine f 2. Cfcs the cfc program monitors the emissions of ozonedepleting compounds, chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons through an inspection and compliance program. Cfc any of various halocarbon compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine, once used widely as aerosol propellants and refrigerants. Environmental protection agency issued final regulations that implement the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Cfcs are classified as halocarbons, a class of compounds that contain atoms of carbon and halogen atoms. Pdf refrigerants and their environmental impact substitution of.
The main molecules that are destroying the ozone layer are called chlorofluorocarbons or cfcs. Chlorofluorocarbons and the environment practice khan. Chlorofluorocarbon financial definition of chlorofluorocarbon. Chlorofluorocarbons and the environment practice khan academy. Environmental regulations on chlorofluorocarbons springerlink. For example, the emission rates of hcfc22, hfc4a, and. The government is encouraging the phaseout by mandating reduced produc tion levels and levying taxes on cfc production. Jun 27, 2019 chlorofluorocarbons are chemical compounds that were developed commercially in the 1930s by dupont. Nov 01, 2017 the montreal protocol was a global agreement developed to stop this harmful ozone destruction. Cfcs or chlorofluorocarbons are organic compounds that found large scale application in refrigerants few decades ago. Chlorofluorocarbons financial definition of chlorofluorocarbons. Chlorofluorocarbons cfcs and hydrochlorofluorocarbons hcfcs are fully or partly halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon c, hydrogen h, chlorine cl, and fluorine f, produced as volatile derivative of methane, ethane, and propane. The montreal protocol was a global agreement developed to stop this harmful ozone destruction.
May 31, 2017 chlorofluorocarbons cfcs are a group of odorless manufactured chemicals. International journal of environment and pollution, environmental pollution, pollution, journal of environment pollution and human health, journal of geophysical research. Cfcs are highly effective refrigerants that were developed in response to the pressing need to eliminate toxic and flammable substances, such as sulfur dioxide and ammonia, in refrigeration units and air conditioners. The protocol mandated a time frame to completely abolish cfcs. This causes the ozone to break up and become unable to absorb ultraviolet light. Chlorofluorocarbons, commonly abbreviated as cfcs, are paraffin hydrocarbons that are fully halogenated. Chlorofluorocarbons definition of chlorofluorocarbons by. May 11, 2018 chlorofluorocarbons, commonly abbreviated as cfcs, are paraffin hydrocarbons that are fully halogenated. Cfcs have been used as refrigerants, propellants in aerosols, metal degreasers, i n fire extinguishers, and as a dry cleaning solvent. Chlorofluorocarbons are the worst invention of the 20th century. Chlorofluorocarbons are more commonly referred to as cfcs or, when used for refrigeration, cfcs are also known as freon.
Cfcs can be liquids or gases, are nonflammable and heatstable, and are used as refrigerants, aerosol propellants such as in deodorant, whipped cream. Cfcs are particularly harmful when released into the atmosphere because of their destructive reaction with ozone particles, which provide the earth with a. In 1990, 93 nations agreed, as part of the montreal protocol established 1987, to end production of ozonedepleting chemicals by the end of the 20th century. Chlorofluorocarbons cfcs are hydrocarbons, such as freon, in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. Definition of environment environment french word environ surroundings. Chlorofluorocarbon definition, any of several volatile, inert, saturated compounds of carbon, fluorine, chlorine, and hydrogen. Scientists first proposed the theory of ozone depletion by cfcs in 1974. Chlorofluorocarbon article about chlorofluorocarbon by the. Gasses covered under the 1987 montreal protocol and utilized for refrigeration, ventilating, bundling, insulation, solvents, or aeroslo propellants. Pdf globally, the production of cold housing is seen as a major energy challenge. However, it was found out that cfcs react with the ozone gas in our atmosphere. An example is cfc12 ccl2f2, used as a refrigerant in refrigerators and air conditioners and as a foam blowing agent chlorofluorocarbons are fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon, chlorine cl, and fluorine f, produced as volatile. Rabin ast october, prime news coverage fo cused once again on chlorofluorocarbons cfcs, a chemical substance suspected to cause an especially.
The irs works within the context of foreign treaties to determine how earnings from controlled foreign corporations are taxed in the. The agencys statute was approved on 23 october 1956 by the conference on the statute of the iaea held at united nations headquarters, new york. Excellent summaries of theory and application of a wide range of environmental tracers. An example is cfc12 ccl2f2, used as a refrigerant in refrigerators and air conditioners and as a foam blowing agent. They said chlorofluorocarbon gas, which is used mostly in air conditioning and refrigeration, heating and other equipment operating under pressure gas systems, is a chemical toxic gas and is harmful to health as it can cause skin cancer and some respiratory diseases and is. The regulations require a 50% reduction in consumption of fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons cfcs within 10 years and a freeze on consumption of halons within 4 years. Chlorofluorocarbons environment definition,meaning. A company registered in and regulated by a foreign country that has at least 50% american ownership. Stipub1238 isbn 9208058 includes bibliographical references. Cfcs and their possible effects upon the global environment, in cluding the. What effects do chlorofluorocarbons have on humans. Chlorofluorocarbon definition in the cambridge english. Chlorofluorocarbon definition of chlorofluorocarbon at.
A special numbering system is to be used for fluorinated alkanes, prefixed with freon, r, cfc and hcfc, where the rightmost value indicates the number of fluorine atoms, the next value to the left is the number of hydrogen atoms plus 1, and the next value to the left is the number of carbon atoms less one zeroes are not stated, and the remaining atoms are chlorine. Cfcs has other important implications for the global environment. These three elements are produced from propane, ethane, and methane as volatile derivative. Chlorofluorocarbon article about chlorofluorocarbon by. Because they damage the earths ozone layer, cfcs have been banned since 1996. They are organic chemicals and contain carbon, sometimes hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. Pdf the environmental impact of chlorofluorocarbon use. Australian chlorofluorocarbon management strategy pdf 331. Gaseous cfcs can deplete the ozone layer when they slowly rise into the stratosphere, are broken down by strong ultraviolet radiation, release chlorine atoms, and then react with ozone molecules.
Environmental protection act 1986 defined environment as the sum total of water, air and land, their interrelationship among themselves. An environmental legacy of the twentieth century is the use of gaseous compounds called chlorofluorocarbons cfcs, which are also known as freon in a variety of household and personal products. Hcfc, hydrochlorofluorocarbon a fluorocarbon that is replacing chlorofluorocarbon as a refrigerant and propellant in aerosol cans. Department of the environment and heritage australian chlorofluorocarbon management strategy page 3 a message from the secretary depletion of the ozone layer is a major environmental concern both nationally and internationally.
Chlorofluorocarbon simple english wikipedia, the free. Volatile chlorofluorocarbons are believed to cause depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer. Cfcs have become discredited because of their effect on the ozone layer. What are the effects of chlorofluorocarbon on the environment. Chlorofluorocarbons article about chlorofluorocarbons by. A range of compounds, composed of chlorine, fluorine, carbon and hydrogen, used as aerosol propellants and refrigerants. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Cfcs are particularly harmful when released into the atmosphere because of their destructive reaction with ozone particles, which provide the earth with a protective layer against uv radiation. Pdf a b s t r a c t to establish a proper regulation strategy on the emissions of major. The chlorofluorocarbon and the halons are potent ozone depletors. They said chlorofluorocarbon gas, which is used mostly in air conditioning and refrigeration, heating and other equipment operating under pressure gas systems, is a chemical toxic gas and is harmful to health as it can cause skin cancer and some respiratory diseases and is harmful to the environment and the ozone layer. The following states are members of the international atomic energy agency. Since they are not wrecked in the lower atmosphere, cfcs float into the upper atmosphere where, given reasonable conditions, they destroy ozone layer. Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology a guidebook 2005 edition.